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{{REVIEWEDPLS | reviewer = [https://www.ganapathico.com/our-team/nathan-ganapathi/ Nathan Ganapathi] and [https://www.ganapathico.com/our-team/anna-kurt/ Anna Kurt], Ganapathi Law Group|date= October 2017}} {{Dial-A-Law TOC|expanded = money}}
When someone leaves goods at a storage facility, the business has a legal claim on the goods. This is called a “warehouse lien”. It can help the business recover their fees.


{{Dial-A-Law TOC|expanded = credit}}
==What you should know==
This script explains what warehouse liens are and how they work under the BC ''Warehouse Lien Act'' (the Act).


==What is a warehouse lien?==
===A warehouse lien helps a storage facility get paid===  
A warehouse lien (also known as a lien for storage) is a charge or claim by a person in the business of storing goods (known as a “warehouser”) on goods stored in their warehouse. A warehouse lien helps a warehouser get paid for storing goods by being able to retain possession of those goods and ultimately sell them to recover the cost of storage if the owner of the goods has failed to pay. Warehousers automatically have a lien on goods given to them for storage, whether given by the owner of goods or by any person entrusted with possession of the goods by the owner.
Under the [https://www.canlii.org/en/bc/laws/stat/rsbc-1996-c-480/latest/rsbc-1996-c-480.html law in BC], a '''warehouse lien''' is a legal claim made on goods stored with a “warehouser”. A warehouser is someone in the business of storing goods. The warehouse lien helps ensure a warehouser gets paid for storing goods.
==Does a warehouse lien exist and what amounts does it cover?==
This is described in section 2 of the Act. A warehouse lien exists automatically—unless it’s void under section 3 (explained in the next section). Also, the lien exists regardless of who left the goods for storage: the owner of the goods, someone with the owner’s authority, or someone who received the goods from the owner, or a person with the owner’s authority.


A warehouse lien covers reasonable charges for all the following things:
If the warehouser isn’t paid, the lien allows them to keep the stored goods and sell them to recover their storage fees and related costs.
*storing and preserving the goods;
*any money the warehouser advanced for the goods including interest, insurance, transportation, labour, weighing, and other expenses; and
*any notice the warehouser had to give under the Act, and advertising and selling the goods if they are not paid for before they are advertised and sold.


==Notice of warehouse lien if goods not left by owner==
===How a warehouse lien is established===  
This is described in section 3 of the Act. The warehouser must give notice of the lien to the owner of the goods, but only if owner (or a person with their authority) was not the one who left the goods at the warehouse. If the owner of the goods (or a person with their authority) left the goods at the warehouse personally, no notice is needed because the owner already knows the goods are there.
Warehousers automatically have a lien on goods left with them for storage when the goods are left by:


The warehouser must also give notice of the lien to anyone who had registered a financing statement of a security interest in the goods. This security interest must have existed at the time the goods were left at the warehouse.
* the owner of the goods,
* someone with the owner’s authority, or
* any person entrusted with the goods by the owner.


Importantly, the warehouser must give notice of the lien within 2 months of when the goods were left at the warehouse. The notice must have all the following information:
In the third case, there is an additional requirement for the warehouser to preserve their lien. Where the goods were left for storage by a person entrusted with them by the owner, the warehouser must give '''written notice''' of the warehouse lien to the owner of the goods. The warehouser must give this notice within ''two months'' of the goods being left with them.
*a brief description of the goods;
*the location of the warehouse where the goods are stored, the date they were left there, and the name of the person who left them; and
*a statement that the warehouser is claiming a lien for the goods under the Act.


==Lien not valid if required notice not given==
If someone has registered a security interest in the goods, the warehouser must also give the notice of the lien to them.
The lien no longer exists against a person if the warehouser does not give notice to that person, as section 3 requires. For example, if a warehouser knew that a person who is not the owner of the goods (or a person acting with the owner’s authority) left the goods for storage—and the warehouser does not give notice of the lien to the owner—the lien no longer exists against the owner after 2 months from when the warehouser knew who the owner was. Similarly, if the warehouser knew that a financing statement had been registered against the goods when they were left, but does not give notice to the person with the security interest in the goods, the lien no longer exists against that person after 2 months from when the warehouser knew who the person was.


==Notice that warehouser intends to sell the goods—section 4 of the Act==
This notice must include:
Warehousers who want to sell the goods to pay off the debt must use a public auction. First, they have to give written notice to the following four parties (using one of the two methods in section 8) that they intend to sell the goods:
*the person who owes the debt to the warehouser for the goods.
*the owner of the goods.
*anyone who has registered a financing statement of their security interest in the goods by the time the goods were left at the warehouse.
*anyone else the warehouser knows to have—or claim to have—an interest in the goods.


This notice must have all the following information:
* a brief description of the goods,
*a brief description of the goods;
* the location of the warehouse where the goods are stored, the date they were left there, and the name of the person who left them, and
*the location of the warehouse where the goods are stored, the date they were left there, and the name of the person who left them;
* a statement that the warehouser is claiming a warehouse lien on the goods.
*an itemized statement of the warehouse’s charges, showing the amount due at the time of the notice;
*a demand to pay the amount due (and other charges that may accrue) by the date shown in the notice, not less than 21 days from the delivery of the notice if it is personally delivered (if the notice is mailed, then 21 days from when the notice should reach its destination by regular mail); and
*a statement that, unless the charges are paid by the date in the notice, the goods will be advertised for sale and sold by public auction at a time and place set in the notice.


==Advertising that the goods will be sold by public auction==
===If a warehouser does not get paid===  
This is described in section 4 of the Act. If the charges are not paid by the date in the notice, the warehouser must advertise the sale before holding the public auction. The advertisement must be published at least once a week for 2 consecutive weeks in a newspaper in the local area where the sale is to be held, and must contain all of the following:
If a warehouser does not get paid storage fees they are due, the warehouser can sell by public auction any goods on which they have a warehouse lien. In doing so, they must follow a process set out under [https://www.canlii.org/en/bc/laws/stat/rsbc-1996-c-480/latest/rsbc-1996-c-480.html BC law].
*a description of the goods to be sold;
*the name of the person who owes the debt for the charges covered by the lien;
*the time and place of the sale.


The warehouser must wait for at least 14 days after the first advertisement is published to sell the goods.
====The warehouser must give written notice of their intention to sell====
First, the warehouser must give written notice to specific parties that they '''intend to sell the goods'''. These parties include the owner of the goods, the person owing the storage fees, and anyone who had a registered security interest in the goods at the time the goods were left for storage.


==What happens with the sales proceeds==
The notice must describe the goods and the storage arrangements, as well as:
This is described in section 6 of the Act. The warehouser must use the money from selling the goods to pay off the debt for storing them and the other charges allowed under section 2. If any money is left after these charges are paid, the warehouser must pay it to a person entitled to it, along with a statement showing how the amount paid was calculated. If it’s not clear who is entitled to any remaining money, or if a person entitled to the money has not demanded it within 10 days of the sale, the warehouser must pay it into the Supreme Court of British Columbia, along with a calculation statement.


==What happens if the warehouser is paid before the sale?==
* an itemized statement of the warehouser’s charges, showing the amount due at the time of the notice,
This is described in section 7 of the Act. Anyone with an interest in the goods can pay the debt for storing them and the other charges allowed under section 2. If this happens, the warehouser must then deliver the goods to the person who paid the debt—if that person is entitled to the goods. Otherwise, the warehouser must keep the goods pursuant to the contract they signed when the goods were left with them.  
* a demand to pay the charges due by a certain date, not less than 21 days from the delivery of the notice, and
* a statement that, unless the charges are paid by the date in the notice, the goods will be sold by public auction at a time and place set in the notice.


==Ways to give notice==
====The warehouser must advertise the public auction====
This is described in section 8 of the Act. The written notice required under the Act must be given in one of two ways:
If the warehouser’s charges are not paid by the date in the notice, the warehouser must '''advertise the public auction'''. The ad must be published at least once a week for two consecutive weeks in a newspaper in the local area where the auction is to be held.
*delivering the notice to the person; or
*mailing the notice to the person at the person’s last known address, by registered mail.


==Can self-storage operators claim a warehouse lien?==
The warehouser must wait at least 14 days after the first ad is published before holding the public auction.
No—only a warehouser can claim a warehouse lien. The Act defines a warehouser as a person in the business of storing goods as a bailee for hire. Self-storage operators are not bailees for hire, meaning that they cannot claim a warehouse lien.  
===Anyone with an interest in the goods can pay off the debt===
At any time before the goods are sold at auction, any person claiming an interest in the goods can pay off the warehouse lien. This involves paying the storage fees that are owing as well as the warehouser’s expenses in preparing for the sale.


==What problems does the Act present for a warehouser?==
If this happens, the warehouser must deliver the goods to the person who paid the debt — as long as that person is entitled to the goods. Otherwise, the warehouser must keep the goods pursuant to the contract they signed when the goods were left with them.
To claim a lien, a warehouser must still be in possession of the goods. The Act does not permit a “non-possessory lien”, meaning a lien over goods one is not still in possession of. This means that if a warehouser has returned the goods to the person who left them before receiving payment for storing them, the lien is no longer valid. Warehousers must therefore be careful that they do not surrender possession of goods that are subject to a lien before they receive payment for the storage of those goods.


==More information==
===What happens to the sale proceeds===  
A warehouse lien is only one type of lien. Other types exist, in both common law and under other statutes, and a lien is only one type of remedy. Other remedies are available for collecting debts, including hiring a collection agency, suing, seizing and selling assets, and garnishing wages. Consult script [[Collection of Debts (Script 250)|250]], “Collection of Debts”, for more information. The law in this area can be complex. For legal advice, consult a lawyer.  
Where the goods are sold at auction, the warehouser must satisfy the warehouse lien from the sale proceeds. This involves covering their charges for storing and preserving the goods, and any reasonable charges from the sale.


The ''Warehouse Lien Act'' is available at [http://www.bclaws.ca www.bclaws.ca], along with the ''Warehouse Receipt Act'', which may also apply in these situations.  
If any money is left after these charges are paid, the warehouser must pay it to the person entitled to it. If it’s not clear who is entitled to any remaining money, the warehouser must pay it into court.


==Common questions==


[updated May 2015]
===Can self-storage operators claim a warehouse lien?===
No. [https://www.canlii.org/en/bc/laws/stat/rsbc-1996-c-480/latest/rsbc-1996-c-480.html BC law] defines “warehouser” as a person in the business of storing goods “as a bailee for hire." A bailee for hire is someone who takes care of property left with them as someone would take care of their own property. Self-storage facilities do not meet this definition.


{{REVIEWED | reviewer = Anna Kurt and Jack Montpellier}}
===What happens to a warehouse lien if the warehouser gives the goods up?===
----
To claim a warehouse lien, a warehouser must have the goods. If a warehouser has returned the goods to the person who left them before being paid for storing them, the lien is no longer valid.


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Latest revision as of 01:30, 7 November 2023

This information applies to British Columbia, Canada. Last reviewed for legal accuracy by Nathan Ganapathi and Anna Kurt, Ganapathi Law Group in October 2017.
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When someone leaves goods at a storage facility, the business has a legal claim on the goods. This is called a “warehouse lien”. It can help the business recover their fees.

What you should know

A warehouse lien helps a storage facility get paid

Under the law in BC, a warehouse lien is a legal claim made on goods stored with a “warehouser”. A warehouser is someone in the business of storing goods. The warehouse lien helps ensure a warehouser gets paid for storing goods.

If the warehouser isn’t paid, the lien allows them to keep the stored goods and sell them to recover their storage fees and related costs.

How a warehouse lien is established

Warehousers automatically have a lien on goods left with them for storage when the goods are left by:

  • the owner of the goods,
  • someone with the owner’s authority, or
  • any person entrusted with the goods by the owner.

In the third case, there is an additional requirement for the warehouser to preserve their lien. Where the goods were left for storage by a person entrusted with them by the owner, the warehouser must give written notice of the warehouse lien to the owner of the goods. The warehouser must give this notice within two months of the goods being left with them.

If someone has registered a security interest in the goods, the warehouser must also give the notice of the lien to them.

This notice must include:

  • a brief description of the goods,
  • the location of the warehouse where the goods are stored, the date they were left there, and the name of the person who left them, and
  • a statement that the warehouser is claiming a warehouse lien on the goods.

If a warehouser does not get paid

If a warehouser does not get paid storage fees they are due, the warehouser can sell by public auction any goods on which they have a warehouse lien. In doing so, they must follow a process set out under BC law.

The warehouser must give written notice of their intention to sell

First, the warehouser must give written notice to specific parties that they intend to sell the goods. These parties include the owner of the goods, the person owing the storage fees, and anyone who had a registered security interest in the goods at the time the goods were left for storage.

The notice must describe the goods and the storage arrangements, as well as:

  • an itemized statement of the warehouser’s charges, showing the amount due at the time of the notice,
  • a demand to pay the charges due by a certain date, not less than 21 days from the delivery of the notice, and
  • a statement that, unless the charges are paid by the date in the notice, the goods will be sold by public auction at a time and place set in the notice.

The warehouser must advertise the public auction

If the warehouser’s charges are not paid by the date in the notice, the warehouser must advertise the public auction. The ad must be published at least once a week for two consecutive weeks in a newspaper in the local area where the auction is to be held.

The warehouser must wait at least 14 days after the first ad is published before holding the public auction.

Anyone with an interest in the goods can pay off the debt

At any time before the goods are sold at auction, any person claiming an interest in the goods can pay off the warehouse lien. This involves paying the storage fees that are owing as well as the warehouser’s expenses in preparing for the sale.

If this happens, the warehouser must deliver the goods to the person who paid the debt — as long as that person is entitled to the goods. Otherwise, the warehouser must keep the goods pursuant to the contract they signed when the goods were left with them.

What happens to the sale proceeds

Where the goods are sold at auction, the warehouser must satisfy the warehouse lien from the sale proceeds. This involves covering their charges for storing and preserving the goods, and any reasonable charges from the sale.

If any money is left after these charges are paid, the warehouser must pay it to the person entitled to it. If it’s not clear who is entitled to any remaining money, the warehouser must pay it into court.

Common questions

Can self-storage operators claim a warehouse lien?

No. BC law defines “warehouser” as a person in the business of storing goods “as a bailee for hire." A bailee for hire is someone who takes care of property left with them as someone would take care of their own property. Self-storage facilities do not meet this definition.

What happens to a warehouse lien if the warehouser gives the goods up?

To claim a warehouse lien, a warehouser must have the goods. If a warehouser has returned the goods to the person who left them before being paid for storing them, the lien is no longer valid.

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