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Difference between revisions of "Having Children with Assisted Reproduction"

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Having Children with Assisted Reproduction (view source)

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Only biological parents and people who are stepparents because they are the married or unmarried spouse of a parent are required to pay child support. When a man denies a responsibility to pay child support on the ground that he is not the child's father, the first thing the court will do is see whether he should be presumed to be the father because of the nature of his relationship with the child's mother.  
Only biological parents and people who are stepparents because they are the married or unmarried spouse of a parent are required to pay child support. When a man denies a responsibility to pay child support on the ground that he is not the child's father, the first thing the court will do is see whether he should be presumed to be the father because of the nature of his relationship with the child's mother.  


Under s. 26(2) of the ''[[Family Law Act]]'', a man is presumed to be the biological father of a child in one of the following circumstances:
Under section 26(2) of the ''[[Family Law Act]]'', a man is presumed to be the biological father of a child in one of the following circumstances:


<blockquote><tt>(a) he was married to the child's birth mother on the day of the child's birth;</tt></blockquote>
<blockquote><tt>(a) he was married to the child's birth mother on the day of the child's birth;</tt></blockquote>
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===Parentage tests===
===Parentage tests===


Under s. 33(2) of the ''[[Family Law Act]]'', the court may
Under section 33(2) of the ''[[Family Law Act]]'', the court may


<blockquote><tt>order a person, including a child, to have a tissue sample or blood sample, or both, taken by a medical practitioner or other qualified person for the purpose of conducting parentage tests</tt></blockquote>
<blockquote><tt>order a person, including a child, to have a tissue sample or blood sample, or both, taken by a medical practitioner or other qualified person for the purpose of conducting parentage tests.</tt></blockquote>


Under s. 33(1), a parentage test can be a human leukocyte antigen test, a DNA test, or "any other test the court considers appropriate." These are your choices:
Under section 33(1), a parentage test can be a human leukocyte antigen test, a DNA test, or "any other test the court considers appropriate." These are your choices:


*'''Human leukocyte antigen tests:''' Human leukocyte antigen tests are a kind of advanced blood test that looks at the genetic markers on white blood cells to determine the likelihood that the child's antigens were inherited from a particular man. Their accuracy is northward of 96% but can be spoofed if the purported father has had a recent transfusion.
*'''Human leukocyte antigen tests:''' Human leukocyte antigen tests are a kind of advanced blood test that looks at the genetic markers on white blood cells to determine the likelihood that the child's antigens were inherited from a particular man. Their accuracy is northward of 96% but can be spoofed if the purported father has had a recent transfusion.
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If the mother and the purported father agree to have a paternity test conducted, no order of the court is necessary. You simply <span class="noglossary">contact</span> the appropriate company and arrange to have blood or saliva samples taken and tested. The results will be delivered to you directly. These companies even offer home sampling kits at a somewhat lower rate.
If the mother and the purported father agree to have a paternity test conducted, no order of the court is necessary. You simply <span class="noglossary">contact</span> the appropriate company and arrange to have blood or saliva samples taken and tested. The results will be delivered to you directly. These companies even offer home sampling kits at a somewhat lower rate.


Where the parties don't agree to a test, one of them, usually the alleged father, must make an application to court for an order that samples be taken from the parties and the child and that a paternity test be conducted under s. 33(2) of the ''Family Law Act''. Under s. 33(3), the court can also make an order about who must pay for the cost of the test.
Where the parties don't agree to a test, one of them, usually the alleged father, must make an application to court for an order that samples be taken from the parties and the child and that a paternity test be conducted under section 33(2) of the ''Family Law Act''. Under section 33(3), the court can also make an order about who must pay for the cost of the test.


==Assisted reproduction==
==Assisted reproduction==
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===Donors===
===Donors===


Under s. 24 of the ''Family Law Act'', the donor of eggs or sperm is not the parent of a child merely because of the donation, and may not be declared to be a parent of a child. This section is very important. It means that a person can donate eggs or sperm without worrying that they will be asked to pay child support down the road.
Under section 24 of the ''Family Law Act'', the donor of eggs or sperm is not the parent of a child merely because of the donation, and may not be declared to be a parent of a child. This section is very important. It means that a person can donate eggs or sperm without worrying that they will be asked to pay child support down the road.


A donor can be a parent if the intended parents and the donor sign a written assisted reproduction agreement before the child is conceived that says that the donor will be a parent. Donors who are parents under an assisted reproduction agreement are parents for all purposes under the ''Family Law Act''; they are presumed to be the guardians of a child and may be required to pay child support for the benefit of the child.
A donor can be a parent if the intended parents and the donor sign a written assisted reproduction agreement before the child is conceived that says that the donor will be a parent. Donors who are parents under an assisted reproduction agreement are parents for all purposes under the ''Family Law Act''; they are presumed to be the guardians of a child and may be required to pay child support for the benefit of the child.
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===Surrogate mothers===
===Surrogate mothers===


A surrogate mother is a birth mother who is presumed to be the parent of a child under ss. 26 and 27 of the ''Family Law Act''. However, a surrogate mother will not be a parent if the intended parents and the surrogate mother sign a written assisted reproduction agreement before the child is conceived that says that the surrogate mother will not be a parent.
A surrogate mother is a birth mother who is presumed to be the parent of a child under sections 26 and 27 of the ''Family Law Act''. However, a surrogate mother will not be a parent if the intended parents and the surrogate mother sign a written assisted reproduction agreement before the child is conceived that says that the surrogate mother will not be a parent.


Without an assisted reproduction agreement, the child's parents will be presumed to be the surrogate mother and the child's biological father, and the surrogate mother will be a parent for all purposes under the ''Family Law Act''.
Without an assisted reproduction agreement, the child's parents will be presumed to be the surrogate mother and the child's biological father, and the surrogate mother will be a parent for all purposes under the ''Family Law Act''.
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