But healthcare providers must not provide healthcare to an adult if they have reasonable grounds to believe that the adult—who is no longer capable—previously indicated that they wanted to refuse healthcare in a particular case—even a medical emergency. For example, an adult may carry a card saying they refuse to have a blood transfusion. If a person has previously indicated what they want in a medical emergency, healthcare providers must follow the person’s wishes if the emergency occurs. Whether a capable child, or a child’s parents, can refuse medical treatment in these types of situations raises complex legal questions. Parents and children who may wish to do so need legal advice.