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→The impact on children
In G.F. Cartwright's article "[http://www.fact.on.ca/Info/pas/cartwr93.htm Expanding the Parameters of Parental Alienation Syndrome]," published in the ''American Journal of Family Therapy'' in 1993, a number of long-term psychological problems were found in children in alienation situations, including:
*depression, anxiety , and/or stress,
*delayed emotional maturity,
*psychosomatic illnesses, and